表1基础饲粮成分及营养水平（干物质基础）
Table1.Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets(DM basis) %
| 项目 Items | 试验Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Group Ⅲ | 试验Ⅳ组 Group Ⅳ |
| 原料 Ingredients | ||||
| 啤酒糟 Brewers dried grain | 12 | 24 | 36 | |
| 玉米 Corn | 24 | 16 | 8 | 0 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 12 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| 谷壳粉 Chaff bran | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| 杂交狼尾草 Hybrid penisetum | 51.5 | 51.5 | 51.5 | 51.5 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 合计 Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||||
| 有机物 OM | 90.18 | 90.12 | 90.11 | 89.75 |
| 代谢能 ME/（MJ·kg−1） | 9.52 | 9.19 | 8.56 | 8.14 |
| 总能 GE/（MJ·kg−1） | 17.00 | 16.80 | 16.68 | 16.56 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 46.98 | 49.38 | 54.07 | 57.13 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 26.54 | 28.91 | 30.20 | 30.71 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 12.20 | 12.60 | 13.27 | 13.71 |
| 钙 Ca | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.83 |
| 总磷 TP | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
| 1）每千克饲粮中预混料含有The premix provid the following per kg of diets：Cu 20.0 mg，Fe 80.0 mg，Mn 30.0 mg，Zn 80.0 mg，I 1 mg，Se 0.30 mg，VA 20 000 IU，VD 5 000 IU，VE 50.0 mg。 2）代谢能为计算值，其他均为实测值。ME was a calculated value,while the others were measured values. | ||||
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表2啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响
Table2.Effects of different proportions of concentrate replaced by brewer,s grains in diets on rumen fermentation parameters of Hu sheep
| 项目 Items | 试验Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 Group Ⅱ | 试验Ⅲ组 Group Ⅲ | 试验Ⅳ组 Group Ⅳ |
| pH值 pH value | 6.73±0.06 | 6.99±0.06 | 6.79±0.07 | 6.85±0.06 |
| 氨态氮 NH3-N/（mg·dL−1） | 9.40±0.41 | 9.83±0.41 | 10.50±0.41 | 10.97±0.45 |
| 乙酸 Acetate/（m moL·L−1） | 47.35±2.60 | 49.31±2.60 | 51.79±2.71 | 50.97±2.62 |
| 丙酸 Propionate/（m moL·L−1） | 20.53±1.69 | 21.71±1.72 | 22.51±1.69 | 20.57±1.69 |
| 异丁酸 Isobutyrate/（m moL·L−1） | 4.12±0.71b | 6.74±0.71a | 2.47±0.80b | 3.60±0.71b |
| 丁酸 Butyrate/（m moL·L−1） | 15.84±1.07 | 16.34±1.07 | 18.36±1.2 | 17.59±1.07 |
| 异戊酸 Isovalerate/（m moL·L−1） | 3.60±1.01 | 6.48±2.20 | 5.22±2.20 | 3.78±2.20 |
| 戊酸 Valerate/（m moL·L−1） | 1.03±0.39 | 1.56±0.39 | 1.66±0.39 | 1.30±0.42 |
| 乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/ Propionate | 2.33±0.24 | 2.27±0.24 | 2.31±0.25 | 2.57±0.24 |
| 同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05），不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同。 In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P＞0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P＜0.05).The same as below. | ||||
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表3啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃真菌Alpha多样性指数的影响
Table3.Effects of different proportions of concentrate replaced by brewer,s grains in diets on Alpha diversity index of rumen fungi of Hu sheep
| 项目 Items | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson指数 Simpson index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | Ace指数 Ace index |
| 试验Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ | 7.985±0.059b | 0.9887±0.002 | 851.228±50.205b | 929.949±57.366bc |
| 试验Ⅱ组 GroupⅡ | 7.932±0.059b | 0.9886±0.002 | 805.601±50.205b | 791.286±46.839c |
| 试验Ⅲ组 Group Ⅲ | 8.012±0.073b | 0.9851±0.002 | 1056.283±61.488a | 1092.112±46.839ab |
| 试验Ⅳ组 Group Ⅳ | 8.489±0.059a | 0.9917±0.002 | 1191.569±50.205a | 1146.678±46.839a |
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表4啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃微生物门水平上菌群丰富度的影响
Table4.Effects of different proportions of concentrate replaced by brewer,s grains in diets on Microbiota richness at the rumen microbiota phylum level of Hu sheep %
| 项目 Items | 试验Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 GroupⅡ | 试验Ⅲ组 GroupⅢ | 试验Ⅳ组 GroupⅣ |
| 厚壁菌门 Firmicutes | 29.86±6.51 | 37.44±6.51 | 51.27±6.51 | 40.58±6.51 |
| 拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes | 18.10±3.87 | 15.76±3.87 | 11.89±3.87 | 14.56±3.87 |
| 变形菌门 Proteobacteria | 1.43±0.39 | 0.59±0.39 | 0.86±0.39 | 0.43±0.39 |
| 互养菌门 Synergistetes | 1.27±0.25 | 0.37±0.25 | 0.18±0.25 | 0.73±0.25 |
| 纤维杆菌门 Fibrobacteres | 0.06±0.36 | 0.78±0.36 | 0.08±0.36 | 0.06±0.36 |
| 放线菌门 Actinobacteria | 0.03±0.22 | 0.27±0.22 | 0.15±0.22 | 0.46±0.22 |
| 变形杆菌门 Epsilonbacteraeota | 0.087±0.20 | 0.009±0.22 | 0.388±0.20 | 0.001±0.20 |
| 螺旋体门 Spirochaetes | 0.195±0.05 | 0.044±0.05 | 0.080±0.05 | 0.124±0.05 |
| 无壁菌门 Tenericutes | 0.008±0.03 | 0.052±0.03 | 0.019±0.03 | 0.026±0.03 |
| 疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia | 0.002±0.003c | 0.026±0.003a | 0.011±0.003bc | 0.017±0.003ab |
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表5啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃微生物属水平上菌群丰富度的影响
Table5.Effects of different proportions of concentrate replaced by brewer,s grains in diets on Rumen microbiota richness at the genus levelof Hu sheep %
| 项目 Items | 试验Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 GroupⅡ | 试验Ⅲ组 Group Ⅲ | 试验Ⅳ组 Group Ⅳ |
| 普雷沃氏菌属 Prevotella | 17.94±3.95 | 15.68±3.94 | 10.61±3.95 | 14.46±3.95 |
| 琥珀酸菌属 Succiniclasticum | 4.24±1.52 | 2.37±1.52 | 6.68±1.52 | 9.21±1.52 |
| 肠单胞菌属 Intestinimonas | 3.34±1.32 | 4.43±1.32 | 4.67±1.32 | 6.62±1.32 |
| 酪氨酸菌属 Tyzzerella | 4.07±1.20 | 4.05±1.20 | 6.05±1.20 | 3.32±1.20 |
| uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae | 1.20±1.78 | 4.16±1.78 | 7.09±1.78 | 3.71±1.78 |
| 瘤胃球菌属 Ruminococcus | 2.63±1.02 | 2.90±1.02 | 3.59±1.02 | 3.58±1.02 |
| uncultured_bacterium_o_Clostridiales | 4.09±1.33 | 1.67±1.02 | 2.19±1.33 | 2.23±1.33 |
| 粪便菌属 Faecalicatena | 0.026±1.14 | 1.58±1.14 | 3.63±1.14 | 0.52±1.14 |
| 假丁酸弧菌属 Pseudobutyrivibrio | 0.59±0.65 | 1.36±0.65 | 1.21±0.65 | 2.30±0.65 |
| 特氏梭菌属 Hungateiclostridium | 0.62±0.56 | 2.00±0.56 | 1.85±0.56 | 0.38±0.56 |
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表6啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料的湖羊瘤胃微生物群落功能的预测结果
Table6.Effects of different proportions of concentrate replaced by brewer,s grains in diets on Prediction results of rumen microbial community functio of Hu sheep %
| 项目 Items | 试验Ⅰ组 Group Ⅰ | 试验Ⅱ组 GroupⅡ | 试验Ⅲ组 Group Ⅲ | 试验Ⅳ组 Group Ⅳ |
| 代谢途径 Metabolic pathways | 17.43±0.89 | 17.25±0.89 | 17.19±0.89 | 17.34±0.89 |
| 次生代谢产物的生物合成 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites | 8.00±0.02 | 7.96±0.02 | 8.05±0.02 | 8.05±0.02 |
| 抗生素的生物合成 Biosynthesis of antibiotics | 5.84±0.02 | 5.83±0.02 | 5.87±0.02 | 5.87±0.02 |
| 氨基酸的生物合成 Biosynthesis of amino acids | 4.10±0.07 | 4.22±0.07 | 4.35±0.07 | 4.26±0.07 |
| 不同环境中的微生物代谢 Microbial metabolism in diverse environments | 3.78±0.02 | 3.76±0.02 | 3.76±0.02 | 3.75±0.02 |
| 碳代谢 Carbon metabolism | 2.62±0.02 | 2.60±0.02 | 2.56±0.02 | 2.58±0.02 |
| ABC转运 ABC transporters | 2.20±0.14 | 2.41±0.14 | 2.62±0.14 | 2.39±0.14 |
| 嘌呤代谢 Purine metabolism | 2.11±0.01 | 2.12±0.01 | 2.10±0.01 | 2.10±0.01 |
| 嘧啶代谢 Pyrimidine metabolism | 1.82±0.02 | 1.83±0.02 | 1.79±0.02 | 1.83±0.02 |
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